Chronic heart disease refers to a group of conditions that affect the structure or function of the heart over time. The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through four chambers, with valves that direct flow. Conditions include:
- Coronary artery disease: Narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup
- Arrhythmia: Irregular heartbeat
- Congenital defects: Structural issues present from birth
- Valve defects: Narrowing, leakage, or improper closure of valves
- Cardiomyopathy: Weakened heart muscles
- Infections: Can affect the heart wall or valves
Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, smoking, poor diet, stress, and family history. Chronic heart conditions may lead to:
- Heart failure
- Heart attack
- Stroke
- Aneurysm
- Sudden cardiac arrest
- Peripheral artery disease
Symptoms to watch for include chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling, irregular heartbeat, and dizziness. If these symptoms occur, a healthcare provider may conduct tests such as X-rays, blood tests, CT or MRI scans, echocardiograms, electrocardiograms (ECG), or cardiac catheterization.
Management includes lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and avoiding smoking and alcohol. Medications may be prescribed, and in some cases, surgery is recommended to restore blood flow or correct structural issues.
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